Global perceptions of the United States have deteriorated for a second consecutive year and are now worse than views of Russia, Reuters reported, citing an annual democracy survey published on Friday.

The Democracy Perception Index, commissioned by the Alliance of Democracies Foundation, also found the US was the third most frequently named country as the greatest threat to the world, after Russia and Israel.

How far have global perceptions of the US fallen under Trump?

The survey shows the US net perception score has swung from +22% two years ago to -16% today, placing it behind Russia at -11% and China at +7%. The index ranks country perceptions on a scale from -100% to +100%.

The survey did not provide a reason for the positive sentiment recorded for China.

What is driving the decline in how the world views the US?

Alliance founder and former NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said the shift was “saddening but not shocking.” He cited a series of policy decisions: questioning the transatlantic relationship, imposing widespread tariffs, and threatening to invade the territory of a NATO ally.

Trump’s repeated threats to control Greenland, cuts to US aid to Ukraine, and the US-Israeli war against Iran have all deeply unsettled relations with European partners.

The spike in oil prices following the Iran conflict added further strain. Trump, angered that European countries declined to send their navies to open the Strait of Hormuz to global shipping, said in April he was considering withdrawing from NATO, a move that further weakened the alliance.

How was the Democracy Perception Index survey conducted?

Polling firm Nira Data conducted the survey between March 19 and April 21, drawing on more than 94,000 respondents across 98 countries. Country perception scores were measured using a sample of 46,600 respondents in 85 countries.

The report was published ahead of the Copenhagen Democracy Summit, scheduled for May 12. The Alliance of Democracies Foundation, which is based in Denmark, says its mission is to defend and advance democratic values globally.